tractor spraying

Published in 1999, this report forms part of the work associated with the Integrated Farming systems (IFS) project (1992-1998).

The aim of the study was to determine whether there is any difference between the riskiness of IFS and conventional systems in terms of spring spraying opportunities and its effects on production and the environment..

Herbicides were chosen as the 'role model'. The study looks at spraying opportunities and requirements at IFS sites (Hampshire, Cambridgeshire x 2, Herefordshire, Yorkshire and Midlothian. It seeks to apply the rotations to 2 different sized farms of 200 and 350 hectares and finally looks at the risk implications of each situation.

 

Chapter 2 - Methodology - A single spray period is defined as a continuous 5 hour period. The study concentrates on January to March. The Ecomac data set, weather, field operations, spray machinery, spray time available.

chapter 3 - IFS results, uses real data from the trials, the number  of applications per site, mode of action, environmental impacts, product choice.

Chapter 4 - machinery

Chapter 5 discussion - weather effects, effect on farming types, IFS vs conventional, rotational effects, environmental issues

 

 

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Integrated Pest Management highlights the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms. IPM is one of the tools for low-pesticide-input pest management, and IPM must now be implemented by all professional agchem users.

A weed can have many definitions, one being, any plant growing in a place it is not wanted. This topic focuses mainly on weeds affecting agriculture. Generally weeds are classified into two groups: grass-weeds (e.g Black-grass, Italian ryegrass, Bromes) and broad-leaved weeds (e.g Mayweed, Chickweed, Poppy, Cleavers). 

Integrated farming is a type of farming that aims to maximize the efficiency and productivity of the farm by integrating different types of crops and animals into a single system.

The application of agrochemicals by modern crop sprayers involves sophisticated technologies applied by skilled operators.

Herbicides are substances (usually chemical) used to control weeds in a variety of situations including agriculture, horticulture and managed landscapes. Herbicides are classified according to their mode of action (MOA) - this is the precise biochemical mechanism in which the herbicide targets and kills the weed. The 'active ingredient' of the herbicide is the specific herbicidal compound that has the phytotoxic effect and this is formulated with a variety of other ingredients (including other active substances, surfactants, buffers, adjuvants e.t.c) to make a final product which is given a trade name by the herbicide manufacturer. With any herbicide product you will find an associated product label which explains how to use the product safely and legally. This page provides an overview of herbicides including how they are classified and used. Please link any pages or projects relating to herbicide use to this topic page.  Some widely used herbicides (e.g glyphosate) also have their own topic page. Other related topics on FarmPEP include herbicide resistance,  bioherbicides, broad leaved weeds and grass weeds.  

IWM involves using numerous weed control methods to try and manage a weed problem sustainably. Whilst herbicides can still be used as part of an IWM approach, a major aim is to reduce reliance on them by also incorporating methods including, cultural, mechanical, biological, thermal and genetic control. A combination of such approaches can allow for optimal control of a specific weed problem. Related topics on FarmPEP include herbicides and herbicide resistance. You can also view the topic pages on grass weeds and broad-leaved weeds which provide examples of suitable control methods.